UNIT 2: EDUCATION MATTERS

LESSON 1: SCHOOL-RELATED WORDS

Education matters

GRAMMAR:

Example: - Their parents are too poor to send them to school.
- The student is too ill to sit for the exam

VOCABULARY:

- Boost (verb/noun): help or encourage (something) to increase or improve.
- deny (verb): to refuse.
- denial (noun)
- Nutrition (noun): the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
- Nutritious (adjective).
- Nutrient (noun): a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth.
- Priority (noun): the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important.
- Prioritise (verb).
- Provide (verb): to supply.
- Provision (noun).

WordDerivation

Verb Noun

Donate Donation

Attend Attendance

Expect Expectation

Divide Division

Multiply Multiplicity

Succeed Success

Improved Improvement

Deny Denial

Provide Provision

Reduce Reduction

Subtract Subtraction

Add Addition

Fail Failure

Describe Description

LESSON 2: Education for all

Education For all.

GRAMMAR:

If he does not work hard, he will not pass.
Unless he works hard, he will not pass.
Unless + affirmative verb = If + negative verb.

VOCABULARY:

To enrol at (verb): to register.
Enrolment (noun): registration.
Access to (verb/noun): to enter a place.
Scholarship:

Academic study or achievement; learning of a high level.
A grant or payment made to support a student's education.

- Scholar: a specialist in a particular branch of study
- Graduate (noun/verb): a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training.
- Fees: a payment made in exchange for advice or services.
- Literacy (noun): the ability to read and write.
- Literate (adj).
- Literacy ≠ illiteracy.
- Literate ≠ illiterate.
- To drop out of school = to leave school = to quit.
- To boost = to increase ≠ to decrease (v/n)= decline (v/n)= drop.

LESSON 3+4: VIRTUAL SCHOOLS

Virtual Schools.

GRAMMAR:

Sometimes Do / Does / Did are used in positive sentences to give special emphasis. Note that when speaking, the word (do/does/did) is stressed.

I do want to go. (We put stress on the word DO to emphasize that we want to go).
You do need to take an umbrella.
He does like spinach. (You may be surprised but yes, he likes spinach).
I did study. (Contrary to what you may believe... yes, I studied).

Notice that Did is used for positive sentences in the past tense and that the main verb is in its base form.

Do can also appear at the beginning of an imperative sentence to emphasize the importance of that imperative verb.

Do call when you arrive.
Do tell him that I will be waiting for him.

VOCABULARY:

- Appeal (noun/verb): make a serious or urgent request.
- Bully (noun): a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate someone else
- Bully (verb): seek to harm, intimidate, or coerce.
- Bustle (verb/noun): move in an energetic or noisy manner.
- Log on: to start using a computer system or program by giving a password
- Virtual Learning = Online learning= distance learning= virtual school = electronic learning.
- Online learning is education that takes place over the Internet.

LESSON 5: COMPARING EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

VOCABULARY:

- Compulsory (adj): obligatory.
- To compel (verb): to oblige.
- Assess (verb): to evaluate.
- Assessment (noun): evaluation.
- To pursue (verb): to continue.
- Pursuit (noun).

LESSON 6: AGE OR …?

GRAMMAR:

Prepositions
to depend on to be independent of to suffer from
to succeed in to approve of to be deprived of
to prevent from to be different from to believe in
to result in to focus on

VOCABULARY:

- Overlook: to fail to notice something.
- Low achiever: is an unsuccessful person who does not work hard.
- High achiever: is a successful person who works hard.
- Stream: prevailing attitude.
- Deal with = tackle = handle.
- Numeracy: the ability to understand and work with numbers.
- Switch (verb/noun): change.

LESSON 7: LIFELONG LEARNING

Life Long learning.

VOCABULARY:

- Lifelong learning: all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competences within a personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective.
- Confine (verb): keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits.
- Confinement (noun).
- Mature (adj): fully developed physically; full-grown.
- Maturity (noun) ≠ immaturity.
- Mature ≠ immature.
- Merely: just / only.
- Venture (verb/noun): dare to do something.

LESSON 8: READING THE BACK COVER OF A BOOK

GRAMMAR:

Compound adjectives
A compound adjective is an adjective that contains two or more words.

NUMBER + NOUN (singular) I have a three-week vacation.
ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE We live in a densely-populated city
NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE    I love eating sun-dried raisins.
NOUN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE    That was a record-breaking jump.
NOUN + ADJECTIVE This is a smoke-free restaurant.
ADJECTIVE + NOUN It was a last-minute decision.
ADJECTIVE + PAST PARTICIPLE   That is an old-fashioned dress.
ADJECTIVE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE    She is a good-looking girl.

VOCABULARY:

- Accurate (adj): correct in all details; exact.
- Accuracy (noun).
- Acute (adj): having or showing a perceptive understanding or insights.

- Depict (verb): show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form.

- Depiction (noun).
- Palpable (adj): so intense as to seem almost tangible.

LESSON 8: ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

Alexander Graham Bell.

GRAMMAR:

Exclamation
what + noun phrase

What a pity!
What a lovely day!
What rubbish!

how + adjective

How silly!
How kind of him!

Adjectives function as nouns
Some adjectives are used as nouns to describe groups of people. For example, when we refer to sick people, we can simply say the sick. The adjective takes the place of the noun and the noun that the adjective modifies is removed. Each of these adjectives must follow the definite the.
The nouns are used in the plural and the verbs that follow them must therefore be plural.
Examples: The injured were in the thousands.
The disabled have found it very difficult to get a job.

VOCABULARY:

- Biography: an account of someone's life written by someone else.
- Deaf: lacking the power of hearing or having impaired hearing
- Dumb: unable to speak
- Impediment: a hindrance or obstruction in doing something.
- Misfortune: bad luck.
- Timeless: not affected by the passage of time or changes in fashion.
- Reputation: the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something.

ARTS SECTION 3: LATER

GRAMMAR:

Reported speech
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she',for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech
present simple I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous I am living in London She said (that) she was living in London

past simple: I bought a car She said (that)/ she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous: I was walking along the street /She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect: I haven't seen Julie/ She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect* I had taken English lessons before / She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will : I'll see you later / She said (that) she would see me later.
would*: I would help, but..” / She said (that) she would help but.
can:I can speak perfect English / She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could* I could swim when I was four / She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall I shall come later She said (that) she would come later.
should* I should call my mother / She said (that) she should call her mother.
might* I might be late / She said (that) she might be late.
must I must study at the weekend / She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend.
* doesn't change.

Reported questions:

Wh questions
Direct Question Reported Question
Where is the Post Office, please? She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing? She asked me what I was doing.
Who was that fantastic man? She asked me who that fantastic man had been.

Yes/no questions
Direct Question Reported Question
Do you love me? He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico? She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you living here? She asked me if I was living here.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech
It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today.

If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

now then / at that time
today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night the night before, Thursday night
last week the week before / the previous week
tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

VOCABULARY:

- Anguish: severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
- Crumble: break or fall apart into small fragments.
- Jail: prison.
- Manslaughter: the crime of unintentionally killing a person.
- Queer: strange / odd.
- Rational: based on reason or logic.

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UNIT 2: EDUCATION MATTERS - Anglais - Bac 2022